Spectrum [T-Sapphire] | AAT Bioquest (2024)

How to use this tool

AAT Bioquest's interactive Spectrum Viewer is a powerful tool for analysis and comparison of the spectra of common compounds used in absorbance and fluorescence formats. The Spectrum Viewer is set to fluorescent mode by default. To use the viewer for absorbance dyes (colorimetric format labels), click the left drop-down menu under "Current mode" and select "Absorbance".

For technical assistance on using this web application, please contact websupport@aatbio.com

General information [Show]

The displayed graphs show the normalized intensity of each compound, with the excitation curve being represented by a hollow dotted line, and the emission curve being a solid line, filled in with the color of the instrument laser used.

To display the information about a specific compound, touch the displayed curve of that compound, and the associated properties will be displayed on the right-hand side of the page. If applicable, a list of similar compounds, as well as related categories, will be displayed as well.

Adding Spectra/Fluorophores [Show]

To add one or more spectra to the graph, click either "fluorophore" in the "Add" submenu on the left or click the center of the empty display panel - a menu will appear at the bottom of the page. To view a known dye, scroll down the menu on the left and click to select. The choice currently selected will be highlighted in blue.

To change the current selection, click a different dye name.

To select multiple individual options at the same time, hold the CTRL key while clicking each desired dye.

To select all of a range of dyes, click the first desired choice, hold the SHIFT key while clicking the dye at the end of the desired range.

To search for dyes by feature, use the section on the right and enter in the desired values, then press the ENTER key. The left-side menu will display all dyes with the selected properties. Click one or more choices. (Reminder: hold the SHIFT or CTRL key while clicking to select multiple dyes)

Once all the desired options are highlighted blue, click the yellow "Add to graph" button on the lower right.

To remove a compound, click the "x" to the right of the compound name.

Adding Excitation Sources [Show]

To add one or more excitation sources, click "Excitation Source" in the "Add" submenu on the left part of the screen. A menu will appear below the graph display with common generic lasers displayed on the left. If the desired excitation source is known, click to select. The choice currently selected will be highlighted in blue.

To change the current selection, click a different excitation source title.

If the "Custom" row is selected, a popup box will appear and prompt the user to enter the center wavelength. To exit, click "cancel". To continue, enter the center wavelength value as a number and click "OK". Then repeat the process with the bandwidth number.

The excitation source will now appear on the graph display as a thin vertical line in a color associated with its location on the spectrum.

To search for an appropriate excitation source, use the right-side section to search by part type, manufacturer, or instrument. Once all desired options have been highlighted or selected, click the yellow "Add to graph" button on the lower right side.

To exit out of the menu, click the small "x" on the upper right corner of the gray bar at the top of the menu.

Note: if an excitation source is added to the graph, the rightmost column in the information table at the bottom of the page, (labeled "Peak Intensity" with the excitation source title in parentheses) will show the percentage of the maximum possible intensity for the emission curve of each compound currently on the graph.

Adding Filters [Show]

To add one or more filters, click "Filter" in the "Add" submenu on the left part of the screen. A menu will appear below the graph display with common generic filters displayed on the left.

To select a known filter, select one or more options on the left menu. If the "Custom" row is selected, a popup box will appear and prompt the user to enter the center wavelength. Enter the value as a number and click "OK". Then enter in the bandwidth number into the new input box and click "OK". The filter will now appear on the display as a semitransparent vertical band in the color associated with its location on the spectrum.

To search for an appropriate filter, use the right-side menu section to search by part type, manufacturer, or instrument. Once all desired options have been highlighted or selected, click the yellow "Add to graph" button on the lower right side. To exit out of the menu, click the small "x" on the upper right corner of the gray bar at the top of the menu.

Note: If a filter is added to the graph, a new column will appear in the information table at the bottom of the page, labeled "Spillover" with the filter shown in parentheses. These percentages are automatically calculated for each compound currently on the graph. A (-) in a table cell represents no applicable spillover.

Adjusting Graph Display [Show]

If a selected compound is no longer of interest, click the checkbox to the right of the compound name as displayed on the bottom of the page to deselect it.

Under the "Display" submenu heading on the left side of the page, the user can choose to "Hide" or "Show" Fill color within the fluorophore emission graph by clicking the words or left side box.

To change the horizontal display axis, click "Set Axis". A popup box will appear on the top of the page with an input box for the starting wavelength. To keep the current number, click "Cancel", or enter the desired starting wavelength into the input box and click "OK". The user will then be prompted to enter an ending wavelength value. Click "Cancel" to keep the current value or enter the desired numerical value into the input box and click "OK". The display will adjust to the desired settings.

If desired, the user may move an excitation source by hovering over the representative vertical line until the cursor changes shape to a symmetrical horizontal arrow; once the cursor has changed shape, left-click and hold while dragging the line to a desired place along the horizontal axis.

To remove a filter from showing on the graph, deselect the check box to the right of the filter title. To remove the filter from the workspace entirely, click the "x" to the right of the filter title.

Analyzing Spectra [Show]

Click "Show Crosshairs" under the "Analyze" submenu in order to trace the exact curve of the currently-selected compounds" fluorescent intensity across the horizontal axis. This may be a convenient setting for users employing low-contrast screens. Click "Hide Crosshairs" to return to the default.

To predict the response of the fluorophores on the graph to an excitation laser, click "Predict Intensity" under the "Analyze" submenu. A vertical line will appear in the center of the graph display. The user may move this excitation source by hovering over the representative vertical line until the cursor changes shape to a symmetrical horizontal arrow; once the cursor has changed shape, left-click and hold while dragging the line to a desired place along the horizontal axis. The emission graph profiles will change in real time as the line is dragged to various places on the horizontal axis, representing the intensity of response to an excitation source at that wavelength.

Click "Disable Intensity Prediction" to return to the default visual display.

Exporting/Sharing Graph [Show]

Under the "Export" submenu on the left side of the screen, the user may instantly download the spectrum as a .png file to their computer by clicking "Image" under the "Export" Menu on the left side of the window.

To instead share a link to the graph(s) page, click "Shareable Link" to copy the url to the clipboard. The user may then "paste" the link into an email or other form of digital communication by either using the right mouse button or clicking the "CTRL" and "v" keys simultaneously.

Spectrum [T-Sapphire] | AAT Bioquest (2024)

FAQs

What is the emission spectrum of a sapphire? ›

Sapphire is a fluorescent compound with an excitation peak at 396 nm and an emission peak at 511 nm, giving it a fairly large Stokes' Shift of 115nm.

What is the fluorescence spectrum profile? ›

The spectral profile of a fluorophore is used to determine the excitation and detection efficiency at any given wavelength. The spectral profile aids in panel design and selecting optimal fluorophores for a given instrument. The spectral profile can also help in determining compensation considerations.

What is the wavelength of fluorescence? ›

In general, fluorescence investigations are conducted with radiation having wavelengths ranging from the ultraviolet to the visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum (250 to 700 nanometers).

What is the emission spectrum of TI Sapphire? ›

Titanium-sapphire lasers (also known as Ti:sapphire lasers, Ti:Al2O3 lasers or Ti:sapphs) are tunable lasers which emit red and near-infrared light in the range from 650 to 1100 nanometers.

How rare is sapphire? ›

Sapphires are rarer than diamonds, but not so much in comparison to fine-quality emeralds or rubies. However, it's important to note that some types of sapphire are extremely rare. This includes the Padparadscha – a scarce variety that showcases a mix of pink and orange tones.

What does a fluorescence spectrum tell you? ›

Understanding fluorescence spectra

These curves describe the likelihood that excitation and emission will occur as a function of wavelength and provide important information about the expected behavior of the irradiated fluorophore.

What does fluorescence tell you? ›

Detection: Fluorescence spectroscopy is very sensitive and can detect the smallest traces of a substance. Characterization: Emission spectra give information about the electronic ground state, and excitation spectra give information about the electronic excited state.

How do you measure fluorescence emissions? ›

Measuring fluorescence

Scientists use fluorescence spectrometers to excite fluorophore molecules and measure its emitted fluorescence. The spectrometer introduces ultra-violet or visible light using a photon source, like a laser, a xenon lamp or LEDs.

What is the difference between fluorescence and emission? ›

Emission is the process that creates a photon and takes the the atom or molecule in an excited state back to the ground state. The Emission Spectra of H, He and Hg. Fluorescence is the process that first consumes a photon and puts the atom or molecule in an excited state...

What is the best UV wavelength for fluorescence? ›

In general, shorter wavelength UV works best for brighter fluorescence. Longer wavelengths (400 nm and higher) tend to produce purple and violet light, reducing the strength of the fluorescence effect. As a result, 365 nm has been the most popular UV wavelength among our customers.

What is the visible spectrum of fluorescence? ›

The wavelengths that directly flank the visible spectrum are also useful to the world of fluorescence. They are comprised of the short-wavelength band from 320 to 400 nm (near-UV) and the long-wavelength band from 750 to approximately 2500 nm (near-IR).

What is the absorbance spectrum of a sapphire? ›

At a wavelength < 300 nm, there is a high peak absorptance for the sapphire. While the absorptance is very low from 300 to 1200 nm, particularly in IR light. This means deep UV light is superior for the sapphire absorption.

What wavelength is sapphire? ›

Sapphire (single-crystal aluminum oxide Al203) has desirable optical properties in that it can transmit wavelengths from 150 to 6000nm and because the strength of Sapphire when thinned is useful at wavelengths close to their transmission limits.

What is the frequency of sapphire? ›

(Color online) Real parts of two permittivity tensor components of sapphire and ruby as a function of temperature and a frequency of approximately 39 GHz.

Do sapphires fluoresce under UV light? ›

Maybe the most magical sapphire, fluorescent sapphires emit visible colored light after absorbing radiation from UV light. Only sapphires that contains an activator mineral like chromium (pink sapphires and rubies) or titanium (green, blue, and purple sapphires) are able to fluoresce.

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